天府自然历丨聪明“胆小鬼”(2022年1月5日)

A Clever Escape Artist

冠鹿：逃跑，是一种智慧

Tufted Deer, a Clever Escape Artist

光影摇曳的丛林中，忽地窜出一只小鹿，毛发黝黑发亮，四肢修长“pose”优雅。圆圆的大眼睛，透出一丝机警。它就是国家二级保护动物毛冠鹿。

In the swaying jungle sprang out a small deer. With swarthy black hair, slender long limbs and big round eyes, elegant and alert, it is a tufted deer, our national second-class protected animal.

毛冠鹿又叫青鹿、黑鹿，一般生活在海拔1000米至4000米的山上或丘陵地带，在各种森林和灌丛中穿梭。

Tufted deer, also known as green deer or black deer, generally live in mountains or hilly areas at an altitude of 1,000 to 4,000 meters and shuttle through forests and scrubland.

毛冠鹿的鼻子像炭一样黑，圆溜溜的，还长着一双又圆又阔的“招风耳”，额部有一簇马蹄形的黑色长毛，故称毛冠鹿。

They have nose black as charcoal and a pair of ears round and wide. A tuft of long, horseshoe-shaped black hair on their forehead tells their name.

雄鹿有角但是很短，只有1厘米左右，而且角不分叉，尖略向下弯，隐藏在额顶那簇长毛中。雌鹿则无角，且尾巴很短。

Male deer have very short antlers only about 1 cm.Their horns are not forked, and the tip is slightly bent downward, hidden in the long hair on the top of the forehead. The female deer have short tail and no horns.

和其他鹿种一样，毛冠鹿的胆子很小，通常白天隐藏于林下灌木丛或密林中，晨昏时出来活动觅食。喜欢吃一些种子植物、蕨类和伞菌。

Like other deer species, tufted deer are very timid and usually hide in the underbrush or thick forest during the day,only coming out for food at dawn and dusk. Seed plants, ferns and toadstools are all their favorites.

但同时它也是非常聪明的，春天以后多在较高的山上避暑，冬天则下到低山朝阳处避寒，尤其是听觉和嗅觉非常发达，是鹿类中的佼佼者。一有动静，就会一溜烟似的遁走，连猎狗也追它不上。可是，它有个致命的弱点：逃跑的时候，它将尾巴高高地翘起，那内侧白毛仿佛是扯起的“白旗”，目标显著，往往由此而被猎杀。

They are also super clever, spending most of their time on the hills after spring to escape the heat, and in winter descending to the lower hills facing the sun to avoid the cold. Their sense of hearing and smell are the top among other deer species.If anything happens, they will flee away in a flash, even the hunting dogs can not catch up with them.They usually stick their tail up high when running away, however, their inner white hairs appear to be a "white flag" target, and they are often hunted for this fatal weakness.

去年12月，都江堰市青城山一家酒店的监控，就拍到一位毛冠鹿先生“入住”。监控中，这只“小可爱”在酒店棋牌室通道处闲庭信步，呆萌可爱又不失优雅。

In December last year,a Mr. Tufted Deer checked in a hotel in Qingcheng Mountain, Chengdu Dujiangyan City. In the surveillance, this little cutie was slowly strolling around the hotel's chess room, elegant and lovable.

酒店马上联系了当地林业部门，发现这只毛冠鹿右小腿有陈旧伤，伤口已经结痂，随后被送往专业救护机构进行恢复治疗。 随着生态环境进一步改善，越来越多野生动物闯入人类生活区。近年也有人因为猎杀毛冠鹿而锒铛入狱。人与自然和谐共生，需要我们多一份善意。

The hotel staff contacted the local forestry department immediately and found that it had an old wound on its right calf that had crusted over, and it was then sent to a professional care center for recovery treatment. Now the ecological environment is getting better, more and more wild animals can be seen in our living areas. In recent years, some people are arrested for hunting tufted deer. Harmony between man and nature needs more love and care from all of us.

小档案： 毛冠鹿，又叫青鹿，为一种小型鹿，多以种子植物以及蕨类和伞菌为食。栖息于高山或丘陵地带的常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林、灌丛、采伐迹地和河谷灌丛，经常活动于海拔1000—4000米之间的山上。 体长约920毫米，尾长约120毫米，肩高490毫米，体重约30公斤左右。体中等大小，与赤鹿相仿、鼻端裸露，眼较小，无额腺，眶下腺特别显著。每年4至5月交配，每窝产1至2仔，雄鹿和雌鹿的最大寿命分别为10岁和12岁。

Profile: Tufted deer, also called green deer, is a small deer that feeds on seed plants, ferns and toadstools.They reside in evergreen broad-leaved forests, mixed coniferous forests, scrub, logging sites and river valley scrub in alpine or hilly areas, and are often active in the hills between 1000-4000 meters.Their body is 920 mm long, the tail is 120 mm long, the shoulder is 490 mm high, and the weight is about 30 kg. Their body is medium-sized, similar to a red deer, with bare nose, small eyes, particularly prominent suborbital gland and no frontal gland. They mate in April to May and bear one to two per litter. The maximum lifespan of male and female deer is 10 years and 12 years respectively.